Rescue birds level 16 grass grasslands software#

Ĭhace JF, Walsh JJ (2006) Urban effects on native avifauna: a review. Ĭameron RWF, Brindley P, Mears M, McEwan K, Ferguson F, Sheffield D, Jorgensen A, Riley J, Goodrick J, Ballard L, Richardson M (2020) Where the wild things are! Do urban green spaces with greater avian biodiversity promote more positive emotions in humans? Urban Ecosyst 23:301–317. springer-Verlag, New York, USAīuxton VL, Benson TJ (2016) Conservation-priority grassland bird response to urban landcover and habitat fragmentation. A practical information-theoretic approach, 2nd Ed.

Rescue birds level 16 grass grasslands software#

īoussard H, Baudry J (2014) Chloe2012 : a software for landscape pattern analysis, īurnham KP, Anderson DR (2002) Model selection and multi-model inference. 9, article 2īonthoux S, Brun M, Pietro FD, Greulich S, Bouché-Pillon S (2014) How can wastelands promote biodiversity in cities? A review Landsc Urban Plan 132:79–88. īlair R (2004) The effects of urban sprawl on birds at multiple levels of biological organisation. īino G, Levin N, Darawshi S, Van Der Hal N, Reich‐Solomon A, Kark S (2008) Accurate prediction of bird species richness patterns in an urban environment using Landsat‐derived NDVI and spectral unmixing. īates D, Mächler M, Bolker B, Walker S (2015) Fitting linear mixed-effects models using lme4. īarton K (2016) MuMIn: Multi-Model Inferenceīatáry P, Kurucz K, Suarez‐Rubio M, Chamberlain DE (2018) Non‐linearities in bird responses across urbanization gradients: a meta‐analysis. Īronson MFJ, La Sorte FA, Nilon CH, Katti M, Goddard MA, Lepczyk CA, Warren PS, Williams NSG, Cilliers S, Clarkson B, Dobbs C, Dolan R, Hedblom M, Klotz S, Kooijmans JL, Kühn I, MacGregor-Fors I, McDonnell M, Mörtberg U, Pyšek P, Siebert S, Sushinsky J, Werner P, Winter M (2014) A global analysis of the impacts of urbanization on bird and plant diversity reveals key anthropogenic drivers. Īronson MF, Lepczyk CA, Evans KL, Goddard MA, Lerman SB, MacIvor JS, Nilon CH, Vargo T (2017) Biodiversity in the city: key challenges for urban green space management.

Hilaire R (2019) Investigating domestic gardens’ densities, spatial distribution and types among city districts. A diversity of use and management of grasslands along the urban-rural gradient could allow birds with various requirements to co-exist at landscape scale.Īl-Kofahi S, Gharaibeh A, Bsoul E, Othman Y, St. Less intensively managed wastelands were species rich despite being in urban contexts and favoured by seedeaters and one farmland specialist. These were more common in urban contexts and favoured by species requiring easily accessible and visible invertebrate prey. Foraging in grass was more frequently observed in shorter, regularly mown, recreational grasslands. Total bird abundance, however, depended on landscape context, and increased in suburban grasslands with a higher proportion of gardens in the landscape. Species richness was influenced by local rather than landscape variables larger sites with scrub within the grassland and taller hedgerow vegetation were more species rich. We surveyed local habitat characteristics, breeding bird presence, abundance and foraging activity in 47 grassland sites, distributed along an urban-rural gradient in two French cities, and varying in the proportions of grassland, built-up land and residential gardens in the neighbouring landscape. We hypothesized that the value of grasslands for nesting and feeding birds is likely to depend both on landscape context, and on local characteristics (grassland size, use and vegetation structure). Grasslands occupy large surface areas and have many functions but only a few studies have begun to explore how birds exploit these habitats in urban contexts.

Urbanisation is a major cause of biodiversity loss but careful habitat management and provision of green space within cities can help to mitigate its negative effects.